Personality and gang embeddedness

► The social reinforcers underlying gang membership correlate with low A, low C and high N. ► Low A and low C are central to criminal and risky behaviours. ► Resilience (higher C, O, and E, and lower N) is associated with less social isolation and impulsivity, and higher self-esteem. ► Only antisocial personality predicts previous convictions and gang embeddedness.