Alignment as a consequence of expectation adaptation: Syntactic priming is affected by the prime's prediction error given both prior and recent experience

► We hypothesize that syntactic priming serves to reduce the expected future prediction error. ► We find that syntactic priming is sensitive to prediction error experienced while processing prime. ► Prediction error is based on both prior and recent experience, suggesting continuous adaptation. ► Production primarily affected by prediction error experienced during comprehension.