The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action

► Antidepressant treatment does not mirror depression: a treated brain is not 'normal'. ► Cognitive appraisals of stress-coping bias affective information-processing circuits. ► Similar brain changes in high-stress low-risk and high-risk low-stress depressions. ► Antidepressants reverse stress damage: so most effective in high-stress depressions. ► Common factors in depression vulnerability and antidepressant treatment resistance.