Smoking, quitting, and psychiatric disease: A review

- Smoking in patients with psychiatric disease is more common than in the general population.
- Neurobiological links to smoking seem strongest in smokers with depression and schizophrenia.
- There is a complex relationship between mental illness and nicotine dependence and withdrawal.
- Nicotine dependence is undertreated among smokers with psychiatric disease.
- Flexible, individualized smoking cessation programs may be successful in this patient population.