Deep brain electrophysiological recordings provide clues to the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome

► Increased basal ganglia and thalamic low-frequency oscillations could be a TS marker. ► Thalamic low-frequency oscillations persist after patients undergo DBS for a year. ► Neuronal activity recorded from basal ganglia and thalamus changes during tics. ► Neuronal activity in gamma band increases when patients' clinical status improves. ► DBS could restore abnormal neuronal activity in TS toward a more regular pattern.