Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact

► The memory processes impaired in mild amnesia patients has been contentiously debated. ► Neuropsychological dissociations using behavioral measures have been inconclusive. ► ERPs provide neurophysiological signals of recollection (LPC) and familiarity (FN400). ► We recorded ERPs of item and source memory in mild amnesia and healthy controls. ► Patients showed FN400 correlates of familiarity, but no LPC evidence of recollection.