Familiarity and recollection produce distinct eye movement, pupil and medial temporal lobe responses when memory strength is matched

► Familiarity and recollection were matched for memory strength in two experiments. ► Familiarity and recollection produced contrasting fixation and pupil patterns. ► The hippocampus selectively responded to recollections. ► Perirhinal cortex selectively responded to strong familiarity. ► Dorsomedial thalamus-familiarity; Ventrolateral/anterior thalamus-recollection.