Empowerment in drug treatment: Dilemmas in implementing policy in welfare institutions

► Empowerment regards the individual citizen as a free, active and self-managing user. ► Dilemmas occur in the process of transforming a policy as empowerment into practice. ► These are managed by agents in the daily practices in welfare institutions. ► Dilemmas are framed by institutional settings, social processes and legal framework. ► Implementation of policies is integral to not a separate domain in policy studies.