Maternal education and adverse birth outcomes among immigrant women to the United States from Eastern Europe: A test of the healthy migrant hypothesis

► First study to examine birth outcomes among women immigrants from three regions in Eastern Europe to the US. ► Healthy migrant effect present among women from Russia/Ukraine, Poland, and the former Yugoslavia. ► Lower risk of adverse birth outcomes and flatter educational gradient in risk found among most East European groups. ► Healthy migrant effect strongest in women with the lowest level of education and those from the former Yugoslavia.