Exploring interaction effects in small samples increases rates of false-positive and false-negative findings: results from a systematic review and simulation study

In small samples, interaction tests differed. On the OR scale, the Tarone and BD tests are recommended. On the RD scale, the LR and RERI-based tests performed best. However, RERI-based tests are underpowered compared with other tests, when exposure prevents the outcome, and sample size is limited.