Physicochemical properties of the Harenna forest honey, Bale, Ethiopia

In this study, the physicochemical properties of the Harenna forest honey were characterised. The Harenna forest honey moisture, reducing sugar, sucrose, water insoluble solids, ash, free acid, pH, HMF contents, electrical conductivity and specific rotation were found to be 17.89 ± 1.02 g/100 g, 69.48 ± 1.72 g/100 g, 2.43 ± 1.02 g/100 g, 0.12 ± 0.08 g/100 g, 0.19 ± 0.09 g/100 g, 34.57 ± 4.80 meq/kg, 3.87 ± 0.16, 0.84 ± 0.46 mg/1000 g, 0.70 ± 0.04 mS/cm and −132 ± 15.27 [α]D20, respectively. All quality indicators of honey from traditional and frame hives were within the criteria set by Codex Alimentarus (CA), European Union (EU) and Ethiopian standard, except for water insoluble solids. The type of hives significantly affected the moisture (p < 0.01), reducing sugar (p < 0.05), ash (p < 0.05) and HMF (p < 0.05) contents of the Harenna forest honey. The sampling location also significantly affected the moisture (p < 0.001), water insoluble solids (p < 0.01), ash (p < 0.01), electrical conductivity (p < 0.001) and specific rotation (p < 0.001) values of the Harenna forest honey. Significant correlations were observed between moisture content and electrical conductivity (r = 0.76, p < 0.01), and electrical conductivity and specific rotation (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Traditional hive has no negative effect on quality factors of honey if honey harvesting, handling and processing is properly carried out.