Stability enhancement of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite membrane

▶ The composite membranes employing a porous PVdF substrate and sPEEK electrolyte are prepared. ▶ The composite membrane exhibits a substantial reduction in water uptake and dimensional change. ▶ The cell using the composite membrane shows enhanced stability during humidity cycling.