Hybrid immobilization of galactosyl lactose and cellobiose on a gold substrate to modulate biological responses

► Galactosyl lactose and cellobiose can be successfully immobilized on gold substrates. ► Carbohydrate-binding lectins show specific affinities for the glyco-nanolayers. ► Human liver carcinoma cells adhere well to the hydrophilic glyco-scaffolds. ► Cytochrome P450 activity depends on the hybrid ratios of two oligosaccharides. ► Architectural design of the hybrid glyco-nanolayers can affect biological responses.