Effects of modified cellulose nanocrystals on the barrier and migration properties of PLA nano-biocomposites

► PLA nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose were developed for packaging applications. ► The effect of cellulose modification and percentage in PLA nanocomposites was investigated. ► Surfactant-modified nanocrystals favour the cellulose dispersion in the PLA. ► Reductions of water permeability and good oxygen barrier properties were obtained. ► The overall migration level of PLA nanocomposites was below the normative limits.