Functionally graded hydroxyapatite-alumina-zirconia biocomposite: Synergy of toughness and biocompatibility

► Development of functionally gradient material to serve as a potential bone implant. ► Introduction of Aluminum oxide and Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) cushion layer. ► Smooth fracture toughness gradient between hydroxyapatite and YSZ interface. ► Utilize bioactivity of hydroxyapatite, and structural toughness of YSZ.