Investigation of in vitro bone cell adhesion and proliferation on Ti using direct current stimulation

► D.C. stimulation was used to enhance in vitro bone cell adhesion and proliferation. ► Cells cultured on Ti were stimulated by using a custom made electrical stimulator. ► Optimization was performed by using a varying range of direct currents ~ 5 to 25 μA. ► 25 μA stimulation was found most beneficial for promotion of cell adhesion/growth.