کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
10682785 | 1016165 | 2010 | 7 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
LCI (Life cycle inventory) analysis of fuels and electricity generation in Singapore
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی انرژی
انرژی (عمومی)
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
چکیده انگلیسی
This article offers a unique three-stage approach in LCI analysis for generating the environmental profile of electricity generation in Singapore. The first stage focuses on fuels delivered to Singapore, next on electricity generated from various types of power production plants. The third stage integrates the entire life cycle study. The final gate-to-gate results show that the total CO2 emissions from the national grid are 455.6Â kg CO2 per MWh without any loss in transmission and 467.0Â kg CO2 per MWh with 2.5% losses. The results for the entire cradle-to-gate energy production are: 586.3Â kg CO2 per MWh without considering any losses and 601.0Â kg CO2 per MWh with 2.5% transmission loss. For the rest of the LCI, the cradle-to-gate results (per MWh) are kg 0.19 CO (carbon monoxide), 0.06Â kg N2O (nitrous oxide), 1.94-1.99Â kg NOx (nitrogen oxides), 2.94-3.01Â kg SOx (sulphur oxides), 0.064-0.066Â kg VOC (volatile organic compounds) and 0.078-0.080Â kg PM (particulate matters). From gate-to-gate, the results are 0.12Â kg CO, 0.0016Â kg N2O, 1.42-1.46Â kg NOx, 2.56-2.62Â kg SOx, 0.033-0.034Â kg VOC and 0.067-0.069Â kg PM. Emissions of CO2 from energy generation, climate change mitigation and policies for energy security are also discussed.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Energy - Volume 35, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 4910-4916
Journal: Energy - Volume 35, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 4910-4916
نویسندگان
Reginald B.H. Tan, David Wijaya, Hsien H. Khoo,