Protein phosphorylation in bacterial signal transduction

► Protein phosphorylation regulates bacterial housekeeping processes and virulence. ► Bacterial phosphorylation networks exhibit connectivity and signal integration. ► Mass spectrometry can detect and quantify >100 phosphorylation sites per bacterium. ► Bacterial phosphorylation sites are not conserved; kinases show relaxed specificity. ► Bacterial phosphorylation predictors exist, but are limited in prediction accuracy.