The N-end rule pathway: From recognition by N-recognins, to destruction by AAAÂ +Â proteases

► N-end rule substrates are recognized by specific binding proteins known as N-recognins. ► N-recognins contain specialized binding sites for the recognition of Type 1 and Type 2 N-degrons. ► N-recognins deliver these substrates to ClpAP in bacterial or the 26S proteasome in eukaryotes, for degradation.