Cytosolic events involved in chloroplast protein targeting

► Various cytosolic events are required for protein targeting into interior regions of chloroplasts. ► Unimported precursor response plays a crucial role in regulation of cytosolic levels of chloroplast preproteins. ► Various cytosolic events are required for targeting to the outer envelope of chloroplasts. ► AKR2 and Hsp17.8 function as a cytosolic factor and cofactor for targeting to chloroplast outer membrane.