Exposure to common food additive carrageenan leads to reduced sulfatase activity and increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human epithelial cells

► Carrageenan reduced activity of multiple sulfatase enzymes. ► Carrageenan exposure increased cellular GAG content. ► Di-sulfated chondroitin sulfate-derived disaccharides were present only after carrageenan. ► Different heparin- and heparan sulfate-derived disaccharides were present after carrageenan.