Heterodimerization of human apelin and kappa opioid receptors: Roles in signal transduction

► Human apelin receptor APJ forms a heterodimer with kappa opioid receptor. ► The heterodimer leads to increased ERK phosphorylation and SRE activity. ► The heterodimer leads to decreased cAMP and CRE activity. ► The heterodimer showed a significantly increase in cell proliferation.