Recent structures, evolution and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases

► Two major folds are still observed for nucleotide sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. ► Novel folds are observed for lipid phosphosugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. ► Various reaction mechanisms are proposed for glycosyltransferases. ► Glycosyltransferase inhibitors with novel modes of action have been designed.