کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
1083294 950993 2006 9 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
A simple and valid tool distinguished efficacy from effectiveness studies
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم پزشکی و سلامت پزشکی و دندانپزشکی سیاست های بهداشت و سلامت عمومی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
A simple and valid tool distinguished efficacy from effectiveness studies
چکیده انگلیسی

ObjectiveTo propose and test a simple instrument based on seven criteria of study design to distinguish effectiveness (pragmatic) from efficacy (explanatory) trials.Study DesignCurrently no validated definition of effectiveness studies exists. We asked the directors of 12 Evidence-based Practice Centers to select six studies each: four that they considered to be examples of effectiveness trials and two considered efficacy studies. We then applied our proposed criteria to test the construct validity using the selected studies as if they had been identified by a gold standard.ResultsBased on the rationale to identify effectiveness studies reliably with minimal false positives (i.e., a high specificity), a cutoff of six criteria produced the most desirable balance between sensitivity and specificity. This setting produced a specificity of 0.83 and a sensitivity of 0.72.ConclusionWhen applied in a standardized manner, our proposed criteria can provide a valid and simple tool to distinguish effectiveness from efficacy studies. The applicability of systematic reviews can improve when analysts place more emphasis on the generalizability of included studies. In addition, clinicians can also use our criteria to determine the external validity of individual studies, given an appropriate population of interest.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - Volume 59, Issue 10, October 2006, Pages 1040–1048
نویسندگان
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