The effects of selective estrogen receptor modulator treatment following hormone replacement therapy on elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

SERM improved BMD and endothelial function in elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who had received HRT, and these effects were comparable to or slightly stronger than those of HRT. Changes in adiponectin and TNFα may underlie the improvements in endothelial function, such as NO signaling.