Nitric oxide and nitrite-based therapeutic opportunities in intimal hyperplasia

► Vascular interventions are limited in efficacy intimal hyperplasia. ► NO is known to protect against the development of intimal hyperplasia. ► Increased arginase expression may limit the efficacy of NO synthase generated NO. ► Nitrate and nitrite-generated NO may serve as a redundant pathway to limit injury. ► The nitrite/NO pathway can be harnessed for potential therapeutic strategies.