Predicted ionisation in mitochondria and observed acute changes in the mitochondrial transcriptome after gamma irradiation: A Monte Carlo simulation and quantitative PCR study

► Investigate radiation effects in cytoplasm, cell nucleus and mitochondria. ► Simulations suggest preferential localization of ionization events in mitochondria. ► qPCR results confirm acute, differential mitochondrial gene expression changes. ► Suggest to incorporate mitochondrial response when estimating radiation effects.