Progress in understanding preferential detection of live cells using viability dyes in combination with DNA amplification

► This review summarizes current knowledge of the viable PCR technique. ► Viable PCR is a promising technique; but in some cases practical limitations have been found. ► Viable PCR efficiency depends on a complex set of parameters that are summarizes and discussed in this review. ► General recommendations that might be useful for assay optimization are fully discussed throughout the review.