Fluorescence in situ hybridization for phytoplasma and endophytic bacteria localization in plant tissues

► We set up a FISH assay to localize Flavescence dorée phytoplasmas (FDp) in periwinkle. ► The method specifically identifies phytoplasma taxonomic groups, subgroups, strains. ► We were also able to co-localize FDp and endophytic bacteria at the same time. ► FISH opens new perspectives for studying phytoplasma-endophytic bacteria interaction.