Rumen epithelial adaptation to ruminal acidosis in lactating cattle involves the coordinated expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and a cholesterolgenic enzyme

The objective of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression of metabolic and proliferative genes in the rumen epithelium during ruminal acidosis. To meet our objectives, 16 rumen-fistulated, lactating Holstein dairy cattle (618 ± 35 kg of body weight, 221 ± 32 d in milk) were used in a randomized complete block design. All cattle were fed a high-forage diet (HF; 88.9% of dry matter) for 5 wk before the experiment. After the baseline week (wk 0), half of the cattle were randomly assigned and transitioned to a high-concentrate diet (HC; 62.2% of dry matter) which was fed for 3 wk (wk 1, 2, and 3). For the last 48 h of each week, continuous ruminal pH, short-chain fatty acids, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate were assessed, followed by a rumen papillae biopsy. Milk production was higher in HC cattle compared with HF during wk 1, 2, and 3 (17.4 ± 0.5 vs. 23.4 ± 0.9 kg/d, respectively); however, the mean ruminal pH was decreased (5.75 ± 0.03 vs. 6.30 ± 0.02). The HC cattle spent more time below pH 5.6 (594 ± 54 vs. 3 ± 3 min/d) and displayed greater concentrations of ruminal butyrate (15.8 ± 0.9 vs. 10.2 ± 0.4 mmol) and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (1,036 ± 63 vs. 778 ± 20 μM) compared with the HF cattle. The mRNA expression of genes involved in ketogenesis (HMGCS2 and PPARA) and short-chain fatty acid transport (MCT1) was unchanged by treatment. However, a downregulation in HMGCS1 (0.72 ± 0.09), one of the cholesterol biosynthesis genes, was observed in HC cattle during wk 1 of the grain challenge. In addition, the relative mRNA expression value of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 was lower (0.78 ± 0.06), whereas insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 was higher (1.79 ± 0.15) in HC compared with HF cattle. These results suggest that grain-induced ruminal acidosis alters the mRNA expression of IGF-binding proteins and a cholesterolgenic enzyme in the rumen epithelium of lactating dairy cattle.