Synthesis and characterization of Pt-, Pd-, and Ru-promoted Ni-Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts for efficient biodiesel production by deoxygenation of oleic acid

Herein, we prepared Pt-, Pd-, and Ru-promoted Ni-Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts with improved oleic acid deoxygenation performance and investigated their physicochemical properties by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Among the above catalysts, the highest oleic acid conversion, C9-C17 selectivity, and oxygen removal efficiency were observed for Pt/Ni-Ce0.6Zr0.4O2, which was mainly ascribed to its highest surface defect oxygen fraction and acidity.