Fourier transform coupled to tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis: Lessons from its application to the prediction of secondary structure in the acetylcholine receptor lipid-exposed transmembrane domains

Although Fourier transform (FT) and tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis (TrpScanM) have been extremely useful for predicting secondary structures of membrane proteins, they are deemed to be low-resolution techniques. Herein, we describe the combined use of FT and TrpScanM (FT-TrpScanM) as a more reliable approach for the prediction of secondary structure. Five TrpScanM studies of the acetylcholine receptor lipid-exposed transmembrane domains (LETMDs) were revisited and analyzed by FT-TrpScanM. FT analysis of the raw data from the aforementioned TrpScanM studies supports and validates the conclusions derived from their tryptophan-periodicity profiles. Furthermore, by FT-TrpScanM, we were able to determine the minimum number of consecutive tryptophan substitutions necessary for more robust prediction of α-helical secondary structures and evaluate the quality of structure predictions by α-helical character curves. Finally, this study encourages future utilization of FT-TrpScanM to more reliably predict secondary structures of the membrane protein LETMDs.