Analysis of human breath samples with a multi-bed sorption trap and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC)

A multi-bed sorption trap designed to quantitatively collect volatile organic compounds from large-volume vapor samples and inject them into a gas chromatograph is combined with a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph (GC × GC) for the analysis of organic compounds in human breath samples. The first-column effluent of the GC × GC is modulated by a single-stage, resistively-heated and air-cooled segment of 0.18-mm i.d. stainless steel column using the same stationary phase as the first column. Cooling gas is provided by a two-stage conventional refrigeration system, and thus no consumables other than carrier gas and electric power are required. The sorption trap uses four discreet beds, three containing different grades of graphitized carbon and one containing a carbon molecular sieve. The ordering of the beds in the trap tube is from the weakest to strongest adsorbent during sample collection. Breath samples are collected in gas sampling bags, and samples are passed through the trap at a flow rate of about 50 cm3/min. After sample collection, hydrogen carrier gas flow is initiated in the direction opposite to the sample collection flow, and the metal trap tube is resistively heated to inject a sample plug into the GC × GC. Performance data for the combined GC × GC/sorption-trap instrument is described, and human breath-sample chromatograms are presented.