Miniaturized hollow fiber assisted liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determination of benzophenone and derivates in human urine sample

The determination of benzophenones (BPs) in human urine sample by miniaturized hollow fiber assisted liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is described. As analytes, BP, its metabolites benzhydrol (BP-OH) and 2-hydroxybenzophenone (2OH-BP), and its derivatives 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone (BP-10) were selected. The detection limit and the quantification limit of BPs in human urine sample are 5–10 and 20–50 pg mL−1, respectively. The calibration curve for BPs is linear with correlation coefficient higher than 0.99 in the range of 0.02–10 or 0.05–10 ng mL−1. The average recoveries of BPs in human urine samples spiked with 0.5 and 5 ng mL−1 BPs are 89.8–100.2% (RSD: 2.5–9.3%) and 89.3–99.9% (RSD: 2.9–3.7%), respectively. Ten human urine samples were analyzed using the present method. BP-OH and BP-3 were detected in all the samples within the range of 0.24–5.91 and 0.43–5.17 ng mL−1, respectively. This simple, sensitive, and selective analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of BPs in human urine samples.