Glyco- and sphingophosphonolipids from the medusa Phyllorhiza punctata: NMR and ESI-MS/MS fingerprints

The medusa Phyllorhiza punctata has been found in Brazilian waters where it is an exotic species, having arrived in ballasts from the Indo-Pacific Ocean in the general region of North Australia and Indonesia. Fatty acids of the intact animal and its component umbrella, oral arms, and mucus were identified. Two different groups of glycolipids and a sphingolipid were isolated by silica-gel column chromatography and characterized using GC–MS, ESI-MS, 1D, 2D 13C, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. They were sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP). The CAEP long chain base (LCB) and its polar head group (PHG) formed by partial hydrolysis, were analyzed by ESI-MS/MS. The probable origin of MGDG and SQDG in the jellyfish is the result of an endosymbiotic association with a microalga of the Dinoflagellate group, since these lipids are commonly found in photosynthetic membranes.