Analysis and modification of surfaces using molecular ions in the ambient environment

The analysis and modification of surfaces in their native conditions can be performed using new mass spectrometric methods. Ambient ionization sources, including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), have been implemented for the rapid analysis of unmodified biological surfaces including whole plant material, tissue sections, algae, and bacterial colonies. Recent advances have shown promise for in vivo and high-throughput clinical analysis. Additionally, the recent development of ambient ion soft landing (SL) allows polyatomic ions to be deposited onto surfaces in open air. Ambient SL offers speed, control, and flexibility for surface reactions and modification.

► We review new ambient mass spectrometry methods using ion beams with surfaces.
► Unmodified surfaces provide ease-of-use for rapid analysis using ambient ionization.
► Desorption electrospray ionization is described as the model ambient ionization technique.
► Ambient soft landing brings simplicity to surface reactions and modifications.