Advanced biofuel production by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Moving valine biosynthetic pathway to the cytosol improved isobutanol productivity.
• Manipulation iron–sulfur cluster synthesis machinery enhances isobutanol production.
• Increased isobutanol yield by deletion of all three pyruvate decarboxylase.
• Expression of sesquiterpene synthases in mitochondria improved amorphadiene titer.

Replacement of conventional transportation fuels with biofuels will require production of compounds that can cover the complete fuel spectrum, ranging from gasoline to kerosene. Advanced biofuels are expected to play an important role in replacing fossil fuels because they have improved properties compared with ethanol and some of these may have the energy density required for use in heavy duty vehicles, ships, and aviation. Moreover, advanced biofuels can be used as drop-in fuels in existing internal combustion engines. The yeast cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be turned into a producer of higher alcohols (1-butanol and isobutanol), sesquiterpenes (farnesene and bisabolene), and fatty acid ethyl esters (biodiesel), and here we discusses progress in metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae for production of these advanced biofuels.

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