Ultrasound assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil using heterogeneous solid catalyst

• Waste cooking oil is a good sustainable feedstock for biodiesel synthesis.
• Heterogeneous catalysts can be effectively used with 4 cycles of reuse.
• Process intensification using ultrasound with better quality biodiesel.
• Understanding into effect of different operating parameters.

Transesterification based biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in the presence of heterogeneous solid catalyst has been investigated in the present work. The effect of different operating parameters such as type of catalyst, catalyst concentration, oil to methanol molar ratio and the reaction temperature on the progress of the reaction was studied. Some studies related to catalyst reusability have also been performed. The important physicochemical properties of the synthesized biodiesel have also been investigated. The results showed that tri-potassium phosphate exhibits high catalytic activity for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. Under the optimal conditions, viz. catalyst concentration of 3 wt% K3PO4, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:6 and temperature of 50 °C, 92.0% of biodiesel yield was obtained in 90 min of reaction time. Higher yield was obtained in the presence of ultrasound as compared to conventional approach under otherwise similar conditions, which can be attributed to the cavitational effects. Kinetic studies have been carried out to determine the rate constant at different operating temperatures. It was observed that the kinetic rate constant increased with an increase in the temperature and the activation energy was found to be 64.241 kJ/mol.