Planar air breathing PEMFC with self-humidifying MEA and open cathode geometry design for portable applications

In this paper, planar air breathing PEMFCs without the need for endplates are proposed for low power portable applications. PEMFCs with 3 different cathode designs (parallel slit, circular open and oblique slit) with the same opening ratio and employing self-humidifying MEAs were investigated. Performance and stability tests were conducted in hydrogen dead-end operation under both self-breathing and forced convection condition. It was found that rib geometry and hydraulic diameter have significant impact on oxygen transportation. It was concluded that circular opening design yields the best performance and highest limiting current. This is because this design provides the shortest rib distance and smallest hydraulic diameter. However, fuel cell instability was observed under self-breathing and forced convection condition. This is due to the water accumulation that could not be removed by natural-evaporation at the opening cathode. Overall, our proposed air breathing PEMFC achieves a specific power of 150 W kg−1 and a power density of 347 mW cm−3.