Part one: A novel model of HTPEM-based micro-combined heat and power fuel cell system

Fuel cell-based combined heat and power (CHP) systems have received increasing attention during the last decade. This is mainly due to the high efficiencies obtainable on even a small-scale system basis. The current paper focuses on the development of a complete model of a system consisting of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell stack based on PBI membranes, steam-reforming reactor, burner, heat reservoir and other auxiliary equipment included in a typical reforming-based fuel cell system. The model is implemented in the Matlab®SimulinkMatlab®Simulink environment enabling both static system integration as well as dynamical control strategies to be evaluated. All results of the submodels correspond well with experimental results obtained. Additionally, a novel system integration of an HTPEM fuel cell and a steam reforming-based fuel processing unit is presented. The total energy utilization efficiency of the system modeled is as high as 90–100%LHV90–100%LHV depending on the operating point chosen, whereas the electrical efficiency can be up to 45%LHV45%LHV. This is more than 30% better than the best low-temperature PEM-based systems demonstrated today.