Study of cyclic variations of direct-injection combustion fueled with natural gas–hydrogen blends using a constant volume vessel

Cyclic variations of direct-injection combustion fueled with natural gas–hydrogen fuel blends were experimentally studied using a constant volume vessel. Direct-injection combustion was realized by injecting the high-pressure fuel into the vessel. Flame propagating photographs and pressure history in the vessel were recorded at various hydrogen volumetric fractions in the fuel blends (from 0% to 40%) under the same lean-burn conditions where the overall equivalence ratios are 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. The effect of fuel–air mixture inhomogeneous distribution and hydrogen addition on the cyclic variations was analyzed via flame development photographs and pressure-derived combustion parameters. The results indicated that the cyclic variations were initiated at the early stage of flame development. The flame kernel is closely concentric to the spark electrode and flame pattern has less irregular with hydrogen addition. Direct-injection natural gas combustion can achieve the stable lean combustion along with low cyclic variations due to the mixture stratification in the vessel. The cyclic variations decreased with the increase of hydrogen addition and this trend is more obvious at ultra-lean-burn condition. Hydrogen addition weakened the effect from turbulent flow on flame propagating process, thus reduce the cyclic variations related to the gas flow. There exists interdependency between the early combustion stage and the subsequent combustion process for direct-injection combustion.