Experimental results for hybrid energy storage systems coupled to photovoltaic generation in residential applications

An experimental solar-hydrogen powered residence simulator was built and tested. The system consisted of a solar photovoltaic array connected to an electrolyzer which produced hydrogen as a means of energy storage. The hydrogen was used to produce electricity in a fuel cell that operated in parallel with a battery to meet dynamic power demand similar to that found in residential applications. The study demonstrated the technical feasibility of operating such a system under the simultaneous dynamics of solar input and load. Limitations of current fuel cell and electrolyzer designs, as they pertain to both power delivery and energy storage, were identified. The study also established the need to understand and address dynamic performance in the design and application of solar-hydrogen reversible fuel cell hybrid systems. An economic analysis found that major cost reductions would need to be achieved for such systems to compete with conventional energy storage devices.

► Solar-hydrogen systems can be designed to meet dynamic residential power demand.
► Experiments show two different fuel cells able to meet required dynamic power ramp rates.
► An electrolyzer can operate on dynamic solar power if system pressure is maintained.
► Hybrid fuel cell/battery system designs are effective for meeting fast power dynamics.
► Residential power demand data should be acquired with sufficient resolution.