Long-term cycling stability of porous Sn anode for sodium-ion batteries

• Porous Sn Anode (PSn) is prepared by phase-inversion technique.
• Pore volume of PSn is about eight times that of normal Sn anode (NSn).
• The first discharge and charge capacities of PSn are 1066 and 674 mAh g−1.
• The charge capacity of PSn is 519 mAh g−1 after 500th cycles.
• PSn shows good long-term cycling stability with 0.046% per cycle for 500 cycles.

A phase-inversion technique is introduced to produce a porous Sn anode for sodium batteries, which can accommodate volume changes during sodiation and desodiation. The Sn electrode shows two plateaus with a capacity of 1066 mAh g−1 during the first sodiation and four flat plateaus with a charge capacity of 674 mAh g−1 at the first desodiation process. During 500 cycles, the Sn electrode shows reversible capacity more than 519 mAh g−1 with Coulombic efficiency of nearly 99%. The Sn electrode with a porous structure is a possible solution to the electrode degradation.

Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide