Nafion®/nitrated sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (SPEEKs) are substituted on the main chain of the polymer by nitro groups and blended with Nafion® to attain composite membranes. The sulfonation, nitration and blending are achieved with a simple, inexpensive process, and the blended membranes containing the nitrated SPEEKs reveal a liquid–liquid phase separation. The blended membranes have a lower water uptake compared to recast Nafion®, and the methanol permeability is reduced significantly to 4.29 × 10−7–5.34 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 for various contents of nitrated SPEEK for S63N17, and 4.72 × 10−7–7.11 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 for S63N38, with a maximum proton conductivity of ∼0.085 S cm−1. This study examines the single-cell performance at 80 °C of Nafion®/nitrated SPEEK membranes with various contents of nitrated SPEEK and a degree of nitration of 23–25 mW cm−2 for S63N17 and 24–29 mW cm−2 for S63N38. Both the power density and open circuit voltage are higher than those of Nafion® 115 and recast Nafion®.