Novel 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato oxidovanadium(IV) complexes to investigate structure/activity relationships

A previous evaluation of the insulin-like activity of three 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato oxidovanadium(IV) complexes raised questions about structure/activity relationships, namely the influence of the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of the complex and the capacity of the ligand to stabilize the +4 oxidation state of vanadium ion, on achieving an positive effect. To address these questions, we synthesized six new oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with variable hydrophilic/lipophilic balance, obtained by introducing different substituents on the nitrogen atom, and used two 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones as starting reagents to provide methyl and ethyl groups in the ortho position of the ring. For the new and previously reported complexes, we studied the oxidation–reduction properties and insulin-like activity in terms of inhibitory effect on Free fatty acid (FFA) release in isolated rat adipocytes. The results obtained show that only one of the complexes, Bis(3-hydroxy-1(H)-2-methyl-4-pyridonato)oxidovanadium(IV), VO(mpp)2, exhibits a significantly greater capacity to inhibit FFA release than VOSO4 and consequently is worthy to be considered for further studies. The establishment of structure activity relationships was not attainable but this study brings new information about the influence of some properties of the compounds on the achievement of an insulin-like effect. The results reveal that: (i) the oxidation–reduction cycles of the complexes are identical; (ii) the presence of more lipophilic substituents on the nitrogen atom does not enhance insulin-like properties; (iii) a high solubility in water proved to be not sufficient for a positive activity in inhibiting FFA release; (iv) a small molecular size may be an important property for reaching the right targets.