Synthesis and evaluation of d-gluconamides as green mineral scales

A series of 13 d-gluconamides were synthesized in moderate to good yields and evaluated as green scale inhibitors. The crystal structures of two compounds were determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds 6c and 6d showed a reasonable inhibition of BaSO4 precipitation from aqueous solution (47% and 51%, respectively) that indicated the potential for these derivatives of δ-gluconolactone.

A series of 13 d-gluconamides were synthesized in moderate to good yields and evaluated as green scale inhibitors.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► We synthesized a series of 13 d-gluconamides.
► An abundant carbohydrate, δ-gluconolactone, was used as the starting material.
► We examined them as green mineral scale inhibitors.
► Two compounds showed a reasonable inhibition of BaSO4 precipitation from aqueous solution.
► The crystal structures of two d-gluconamides were determined by X-ray crystallography.