IgGA: A “Cross-Isotype” Engineered Human Fc Antibody Domain that Displays Both IgG-like and IgA-like Effector Functions

• A cross-isotype Fc domain (IgGA) merges residues from IgG1 and IgA
• IgGA binds to IgG Fcγ receptors (FcγRI, FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb), C1q, and to IgA FcαRI
• IgGA shows more effective target cell killing by ADCP and ADCC compared to IgG
• Unlike IgA, IgGA also potently activates complement mediated target cell killing

SummaryAll clinically approved antibodies are of the IgG isotype and mediate the clearance of target cells via binding to Fcγ receptors and complement (C1q). Even though IgA can elicit powerful cytotoxic action via FcαRI receptor binding, IgA antibodies have not been amenable to therapeutic development. Here, we report the engineering of a “cross-isotype” antibody, IgGA, which combines the effector functions of both IgG and IgA. IgGA binds to FcαRI with an affinity comparable to that of IgA, and to the activating Fcγ receptors, FcγRI and FcγRIIa, with high affinity, and displays increased binding to C1q compared to IgG. Unlike trastuzumab-IgG, trastuzumab-IgGA potently activates both neutrophils and macrophages to kill Her2+ cancer cells. Furthermore, IgGA mediates greater complement-dependent cytotoxicity than IgG1 or IgA antibodies. The multitude of IgGA effector functions could be important for therapeutic purposes and highlights the concept of engineering antibodies that combine effector functions from multiple antibody isotypes.

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