Noncovalent modified graphene sheets with ruthenium(II) complexes used as electrochemiluminescent materials and photosensors

Bi(2,2′-bipyridyl)-pyrene derivative functionalized ruthenium(II) complexes anchored on graphene sheets (B-Ru-P/GS nanohybrid) by π–π interaction were fabricated. The formation of the nanohybrid was verified by atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectra and Raman spectroscopy. An obvious and stable electrochemiluminescence of the B-Ru-P/GS nanohybrid at the electrode was revealed. A typical photoelectrical response on the on/off light illumination was observed in a photoelectrochemical cell. The photocurrent of the B-Ru-P/GS nanohybrid was remarkable higher than that of Ru(II) complexes. Therefore, the B-Ru-P/GS nanohybrid is believed to have the potential use as for solid sensors, light emitting diodes and optoelectronic devices.