Functional connectomics from resting-state fMRI

• Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity reflect functional brain networks.
• We review rfMRI for mapping the functional connectome.
• We review methods for functional connectomics network analysis.
• We describe the WU–Minn Human Connectome Project.
• We present exciting new analyses using the latest-released HCP data.

Spontaneous fluctuations in activity in different parts of the brain can be used to study functional brain networks. We review the use of resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI) for the purpose of mapping the macroscopic functional connectome. After describing MRI acquisition and image-processing methods commonly used to generate data in a form amenable to connectomics network analysis, we discuss different approaches for estimating network structure from that data. Finally, we describe new possibilities resulting from the high-quality rfMRI data being generated by the Human Connectome Project and highlight some upcoming challenges in functional connectomics.