Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by an arc-discharge method using selenium as a promoter

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with high purity and very narrow diameter distribution have been synthesized using the dc arc-discharge method with Y–Ni alloy as catalyst and selenium (Se) as promoter. The SWCNTs show a very narrow diameter distribution mainly at about 1.5 nm, and can further be readily purified up to >99% purity with traditional purification including HNO3 reflux and air oxidation. The key factor of the wetting effect of Se in the SWCNTs growth improvement process is proposed and discussed. Moreover, a new less-destructive purification method including electrolysis, air-oxidation and centrifugation has been introduced, and SWCNTs with semiconducting content up to 94% have been produced through density gradient ultracentrifugation method.